Abstract
The biceps is the supinator and secondary flexor muscle of the forearm. Injury to the long head of the biceps occurs in the middle aged and elderly; most commonly due to trauma and sudden eccentric contraction of the biceps whilst lifting a weight. It can be diagnosed clinically and further confirmed by sonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Treatment is conservative in the majority of cases and involves activity modification, pain relief, range of motion and strengthening exercises, physical therapy and weight lifting precautions. Surgical management, which includes tenodesis and tendon transfer, is reserved for individuals who are active, involved in sport and for those preferring cosmesis. Conservative management has good results with little loss in supination and flexion power, complete independence in activities of daily living and complete resolution of symptoms. Clinical suspicion, early clinical diagnosis and conservative management can prevent morbidity/complications and assist in early recovery.
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