Abstract
This article provides an empirical overview of coffee/caffeine studies in relation to sport worldwide, an incipient but growing relationship that has existed since 1938, although systematized over time since 1999. The extracted articles were examined using a bibliometric approach based on data from 160 records stored in the Web of Science (JCR) between 1938 and August 2021, applying traditional bibliometric laws and using VOSviewer for data and metadata processing. Among the results, these articles highlight an exponential increase in scientific production in the last two decades, with a concentration in only 12 specific journals, the hegemony of the USA among the co-authorship networks of worldwide relevance, and the thematic and temporal segregation of the concepts under study. This article concludes a high fragmentation of the authors with the highest level of scientific production and an evolution of almost 20 years in relevant thematic topics, and a concurrent concentration in three large blocks: (1) coffee consumption and risk factors, (2) health and coffee consumption, and (3) metabolism and sport correlated with the intake of coffee, which are distanced in time, providing evidence of an evolution that gives way to the irruption of alternative visions in the relationship of coffee and caffeine with sport.
Highlights
We used a set of articles as a homogeneous basis for citation, counting the main col-lection of Web of Science (WoS) [34], by selecting articles published in WoS-indexed journals in the Science Citation Index (WoS-SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (WoSSSCI), based on a search vector [35] about coffee and sport (TS = coffe* and sport*) and without restricted time parameters, performing the extraction on 4 August 2021
The Hirsch index or h-index was used for articles based on the set of articles most cited by the scientific community and the citations they have received in other publications of the WoS core collection, established as the “n” documents cited “n” times or more [54,55]
In terms of bibliometric studies in nutrition, our study provides several advantages, such as the coverage of multiple journals, including the calculation of Bradford zones, unlike other bibliometrics in nutrition that focus on a single journal [41,47,64,65], and geographical coverage at a global level and not restricted to a specific country [65]
Summary
This work aimed to analyze the interest and scientific evolution of the caffeine effect in both general and specific populations. Caffeine intake is widespread among the general population. Its intake has motivations related to sports performance. In this sense, many studies have shown remarkable results for caffeine as an ergogenic supplement [2,3]. There is evidence of risks associated with caffeine in some population groups, such as pregnant women, when consumed in excess [4]. The effects of caffeine impact a multitude of populations and subject areas, not all the above classifications have generated the same interest in the scientific community. Upon further and more detailed analysis, three main categories were observed: (1) occupational
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