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Abstract

This chapter focuses on the mechanisms of isothermal amplification of specific sequences. More than 15 different isothermal amplification technologies – including loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP); strand displacement amplification (SDA); cross priming amplification (CPA); rolling circle amplification (RCA); helicase-dependent amplification (HDA); recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA); nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and transcription mediated amplification (TMA) – have been grouped for discussion and comparison. The following aspects are compared and presented for each platform: amplification scheme, primer design, major amplified products, detection methods, advantages and/or disadvantages. Furthermore, the impacts, clinical applications and future trends of isothermal amplification technologies are discussed. With the rapid development of modern biotechnologies, the mechanisms of nucleic acid amplification in vivo will be further discovered by scientists, and the related proteins will be manufactured with superior quality and at low cost in vitro. Therefore, the performance and application of isothermal amplification can be further exploited.