Biblical Chronology and the Transmission of the Theory of Six “World Ages” to China: Gezhi aolüe 格致奧略 (Outline of the mystery [revealed through] natural science; before 1723)

Abstract

This article is primarily concerned with the question of what kind of text Gezhi aolue 格致奧略 (Outline of the mystery [revealed through] natural science), a unique ms. copy (1820) from the Zikawei Library in Shanghai and published for the first time in 1996, precisely is. Gezhi aolue appears to be older than 1820 (dating to before 1723), and to be a summary of one of the “Manila incunabula” (as Van der Loon called them), viz. Gewu qiongli bianlan 格物窮理便覽 (Handy compendium for investigating things and extending knowledge, 1607) composed by the Dominican friar Tomas Mayor for the Minnan-speaking Chinese in Manila, which in turn is based on Luis de Granada’s Introduccion del Simbolo de la Fe (1583). The article further concentrates on the biblical chronology ( Vulgata ) embedded in a scheme of six “world ages” (from Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Salomo, and Zerubbabel to Christ) that Gewu qiongli bianlan presents (a chronology not found in the Introduccion ). Due to the absence, at that time, of a Chinese translation of the Bible and especially of the Old Testament, Gezhi aolue (as well as the ms. Renlei yuanliu 人類源流 (The origin of mankind) that seems to be based on Mayor’s text too) that was not compiled by Western missionaries reproduces for quite a number of less well-known names in the genealogy from Adam to Christ the Minnan or Hokkien ‘transliterations’ used in Gewu qiongli bianlan . The article concludes with two appendices: 1) a survey of which biblical chronology Chinese Christian texts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries use: the Vulgata chronology (the world was created some 4000 years before Christ), or the Septuagint chronology (the world was created some 5200 years before Christ); and 2) a reproduction of the genealogy of Christ (in Chinese and, of course, not using Minnan transliterations) that Carlo di Orazio da Castorano, a Franciscan missionary in Shandong, had printed in 1704 (the only known copy is preserved in the Vatican Library, see frontispiece and additional file under Supplements at the end of the table of contents).