Abstract
Ultracold dipolar Fermi gases represent relatively unexplored, strongly correlated systems arising from long-range and anisotropic interactions. We demonstrate the possibility of a spontaneous symmetry breaking biaxial phase in these systems, which may be realized in, e.g., gases of ultracold polar molecules or strongly magnetic atoms. This biaxial nematic phase is manifest in a spontaneous distortion of the Fermi surface perpendicular to the axis of polarization. We describe these dipolar interaction induced phases using Landau Fermi liquid theory.
Highlights
Ultracold dipolar Fermi gases represent relatively unexplored, strongly correlated systems arising from long-range and anisotropic interactions
We explore the possible occurrence in homogeneously trapped degenerate dipolar Fermi gas (DDFG) of quantum nematic phases; phenomena heretofore only observed in strongly correlated electronic systems [6, 7, 8] and which have been shown to occur in models based on the breakdown of Fermi liquid (FL) theory at a Pomeranchuk instability [9] as well as in lattice models [10, 11]
In the presence of a polarizing field, the interaction itself becomes anisotropic in real space with a d-wave symmetry; the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) is repulsive or attractive depending on the spatial configuration of dipoles
Summary
Ultracold dipolar Fermi gases represent relatively unexplored, strongly correlated systems arising from long-range and anisotropic interactions. We show in this work that a quantum nematic phase is possible in sufficiently strongly coupled, homogeneously trapped DDFGs. we consider DDFGs in a fixed external polarizing field pointing along the zaxis. While these phases are difficult to observe and study in electronic systems, ultracold DDFGs provide clean, experimentally realizable systems whose interaction strengths in the, e.g., l = 0 and l = 2, angular momentum channels can be comparable by changing external parameters such as the polarizing field and trap aspect ratio.
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