Abstract
The identification of anammox bacteria is mostly relied on PCR with various marker genes. However, the community composition revealed by different marker genes and whether the marker genes influence the resulted community composition remain unclear. We compared the community structure of anammox bacteria in enriched and natural environments revealed by 16S rRNA and functional genes (hzo, hzsA and hzsB) from public database and published papers. The genus of Ca. Scalindua showed the lowest similarities with other genera, especially for the hzsA gene (66.9%-68.6%). The 16S rRNA gene is the most commonly used marker gene in natural habitats with 151 out 221 papers in total. The anammox bacterial community composition is distributed according to the source of habitat regardless the use of various marker genes. The role of marker gene is limited with explanatory of 5.4% for variance of community composition, versus 20.5% of habitat. The effect of marker gene is mainly acted on freshwater habitat, which shows significant different community composition revealed by 16S rRNA and hzo, with Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia as dominant genus, respectively.
Highlights
Anammox is the most important finding in nitrogen cycle for the last two decades [1]
Anammox bacteria deeply branch in Planctomycetales, and contribute greatly in natural habitats [2,3,4]
The nucleotide identities (NI) of 16S rRNA gene showed the highest values with 90.0% to 95.6% identities, and the hzsA gene showed the lowest similarities with NI of 66.9% to 85.7% (Fig 1A)
Summary
Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) is the most important finding in nitrogen cycle for the last two decades [1]. Anammox bacteria deeply branch in Planctomycetales, and contribute greatly in natural habitats (responsible for 50%, 9~40%, and 4~37% of the nitrogen loss for marine, lakes, and paddy soils) [2,3,4]. There are five genera of anammox bacteria were identified to date including Ca. Brocadia [5], Ca. Kuenenia [6], Ca. Scalindua [7], Ca. Anammoxoglobus [8], and Ca. Jettenia [9]. Each genus shows distinct physiological property and adapts to specific habitat [10]. The community composition of anammox bacteria is very diverse in natural habitats
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