Abstract
In this study, a novel solid electrolyte system consisting of co-doped cubic phase stabilised bismuth oxide was successfully synthesized via the sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all synthesized samples exhibited stable cubic fluorite-type structures. Notably, as the dopant ion radius decreased, a trend of increasing full width half maximum (FWHM) of the main (111) peak and crystal microstrain, along with a decrease in the average crystallite size and lattice constant, was observed. Interestingly, the sample Bi1.8Gd0.1Er0.05Pr0.05O3, possessing a dopant ion radius closest to Bi3+ (1.17 Å), exhibited exceptional electrical properties, achieving a high conductivity of 0.347 S cm−1 at 800 °C and a low activation energy of 0.20 eV for the high-temperature regions (HTR). This superior performance was attributed to the significant role played by the grain boundary volume and conductivity in facilitating ionic conduction, thus explaining the variations in conductivity among the different samples.
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