Bi-level power management strategies optimization for multi-stack fuel cell system-battery hybrid power systems

Abstract

A bi-level multi-mode power management strategy (PMS) is proposed in this work to improve the efficiency, remaining useful life (RUL), life-cycle cost (LCC) of multi-stack fuel cell system-battery hybrid power systems (MHPSs). In the first level PMS, the output power allocated between the multi-stack fuel cell system (MFCS) and the battery is determined by smoothing the MHPS power demand. The smoothing effects of different MHPS power demands smoothing algorithms are analyzed. In the second level PMS, the multi-mode MFCS PMS is investigated. The second level PMS is validated through system efficiency and hydrogen consumption simulation in a specific application scenario. As a result, the proposed second level PMS could have lower hydrogen usage costs and higher efficiency than the equal allocation, daisy chain, and adaptive allocation PMSs. The proposed MHPS bi-level PMS can provide recommendations for the future MHPS advanced and efficient real-time energy management system design.