Bi-level capacity optimization of electricity-hydrogen coupled energy system considering power curtailment constraint and technological advancement

Abstract

The instability of renewable energy generation seriously undermines the safe and stable operation of the power system and contributes to the wastage of power resources. Against this background, this paper proposes a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) coupled with photovoltaic/wind/battery/hydrogen. By considering the minimization of average annual cost as the upper-level objective and the minimization of power shortage and excess generation as the lower-level objective, a bi-level optimization model is constructed. Based on the scenario simulation, this paper analyzes the optimal configuration of HRES under different technology development levels and different power curtailment rate (PCR) constraints. The results indicate the following: (1) At the current technology level, the high installed proportion of wind power and the low cost-effectiveness of energy storage systems enable the high PCR. (2) Increasing the proportion of photovoltaic power generation and expanding the installed capacity of battery storage and hydrogen storage can effectively reduce the PCR of the power system. (3) As technology advances, the growth in levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) driven by declining PCR constraint will diminish, making it possible to fully utilize renewable energy sources.