Abstract

The performance of catalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis remains suboptimal, mainly due to the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This study introduces an electrocatalyst, reduced La0.7Sr0.3Fe0.7Co0.2Bi0.1O3-δ (re-LSFCBi), utilized for the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from N2 and H2 via protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs). Results indicate re-LSFCBi demonstrating a high ammonia production rate and Faradaic efficiency. The enhancement in performance is attributed to a certain degree of inhibition on the HER. The precipitation of metallic bismuth (Bi) in re-LSFCBi under ammonia synthesis conditions creates grain boundaries between the Bi and the parent material, while also increasing the number of oxygen vacancies within the compound. Furthermore, Bi preferentially binds to N instead of H. The combination of the grain boundaries, the oxygen vacancies, and Fe4+ contributes positively to the catalytic activity of the compound. This work presents a methodology for the development of electrocatalysts aimed at ammonia synthesis while minimizing HER.

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