Abstract
An absorbing and non-scattering varnish layer applied on a diffuse painting modifies the colour appearance. The different refractive indices of air, varnish and painting are taken into account to express the diffuse reflectances of two systems: the three-layer system air/varnish/paint and the double-layer system air/paint. An exact relationship between the reflectance of the unvarnished and varnished painting is then deduced, for any bi-directional configuration. It is no more necessary to use the Saunderson correction, as implicitly done in a previous paper of the authors. The result is compared with Kubelka–Munk two-flux theory and Saunderson correction applied at each interface air/varnish and varnish/painting. The comparison points out the insufficiency of the two-flux approach even in the case of a diffuse incident lighting and a scattered light collected in all directions.
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