Abstract
Sensorimotor plasticity allows us to maintain an efficient motor behavior in reaction to environmental changes. One of the classical models for the study of sensorimotor plasticity is prism adaptation. It consists of pointing to visual targets while wearing prismatic lenses that shift the visual field laterally. The conditions of the development of the plasticity and the sensorimotor after-effects have been extensively studied for more than a century. However, the interest taken in this phenomenon was considerably increased since the demonstration of neglect rehabilitation following prism adaptation by Rossetti et al. (1998). Mirror effects, i.e., simulation of neglect in healthy individuals, were observed for the first time by Colent et al. (2000). The present review focuses on the expansion of prism adaptation to cognitive functions in healthy individuals during the last 15 years. Cognitive after-effects have been shown in numerous tasks even in those that are not intrinsically spatial in nature. Altogether, these results suggest the existence of a strong link between low-level sensorimotor plasticity and high-level cognitive functions and raise important questions about the mechanisms involved in producing unexpected cognitive effects following prism adaptation. Implications for the functional mechanisms and neuroanatomical network of prism adaptation are discussed to explain how sensorimotor plasticity may affect cognitive processes.
Highlights
Sensorimotor plasticity allows producing an appropriate motor response in reaction to environmental changes or bodily evolution during the life
Individuals with leftward bias due to right hemisphere dominance (e.g., Fink et al, 2001) are sensitive to adaptation to leftward optical deviation that may act on right hemisphere functioning. This could be the reason why experimental conditions involving the right hemisphere, as left-sided location of the line, favor the occurrence of cognitive after-effects (Michel et al, 2003a) and why no aftereffect was observed in manual line bisection in the absence of baseline pseudoneglect (Colent et al, 2000)
Adaptation to a leftward optical deviation was responsible for a shift in bisection toward the high numbers (Loftus et al, 2008) that could be compared to a mild neglect-like behavior (Vuilleumier et al, 2004; Zorzi et al, 2002, 2006)
Summary
Sensorimotor plasticity allows producing an appropriate motor response in reaction to environmental changes or bodily evolution during the life. The first demonstration of prism-induced cognitive after-effects in space representation (mental image of the space mapped across the brain) in healthy individuals was shown Colent et al (2000).
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