Abstract
Comprehensive Sexuality Education remains one of the most controversial topics in global development discourse. Organizations such as UNESCO, WHO and UNICEF have championed for the institutionalization of CSE in countries across the globe, citing the relative merits of this education on young people. Kenya, like a lot of other countries has faced formidable opposition in the institutionalization of CSE with much of the opposition being spearheaded by religious groups and advocacy groups that posit that CSE would have negative consequences on young learners. This review sought to document the milestones that have defined the institutionalization of CSE by the Kenyan government and to establish the legal policy regimes that have informed the process. It also sought to highlight the barriers that have impeded the process and lastly, it endeavored to suggest ways which these impediments can be overcome. This review was a culmination of systematic analysis of the available literature on sex education in Kenya. 
 
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Highlights
IntroductionThe situation is worsened by a cultural orientation in many societies that operate on laws, attitudes, and values that impede any public discourse on sexuality and sexual behavior, whereby adult members of society refrain from any such discussion and where the social norms may perpetuate harmful conditions such gender inequality concerning sexual relationships, family planning, and modern contraceptive use
More than (55%) of these came from six high Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence counties in Kenya, namely Homa Bay (34,812), Kisumu (31,779), Siaya ii World Health Organization (WHO), UNESCO (2018) International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education: An evidence-informed Approach. iii WHO, UNESCO (2018) International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education: An evidence-informed Approach
2.2 Research questions This review was be guided by the following questions; a) What are the previous attempts towards the institutionalization of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) in Kenya? b) What policy frameworks guide the implementation of CSE in Kenya? c) What challenges have been faced in the implementation of CSE in Kenya? d) What are the possible solutions to these challenges?
Summary
The situation is worsened by a cultural orientation in many societies that operate on laws, attitudes, and values that impede any public discourse on sexuality and sexual behavior, whereby adult members of society refrain from any such discussion and where the social norms may perpetuate harmful conditions such gender inequality concerning sexual relationships, family planning, and modern contraceptive use This is against a growing body of evidence on the positive aspects of CSE in inculcating among young people accurate and age-appropriate knowledge, attitudes and skills; positive values, including respect for human rights, gender equality and diversity, and, attitudes and skills that contribute to safe, healthy, positive relationships. It is not surprising that countries are increasingly acknowledging the need for equipping young people with the knowledge and skills to make responsible choices in their lives, about their sexuality especially in a time when they have unbridled exposure to sexually explicit material through the Internet and other media.iii
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