Abstract
ABSTRACT Rural areas are struggling with youth mobility to urban centers. We address this challenge by testing the interplay between objective factors underlying mobility, namely socio-economic status indicators, and subjective factors, specifically Place Attachment (PA) and Future Time Perspective (FTP), and how they connect with the returning intentions of university students with a rural background after their graduation. We also explore how the connections between these variables vary across gender. Our study involved 337 university students (M = 21.55; SD = 2.48; 63.50% female) enrolled in tertiary education in mainland Portugal. The participants were from The Azores Islands, a remote and mostly rural Portuguese region. Using a Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) approach, we found that greater PA significantly improved their prospects of returning, rather than greater expected monthly income 3 years after graduation. However, these trends were only relevant among young women. Our findings indicate the need to strengthen youth civic engagement policies, as well as new youth employment packages that diversify the transition from education to the labor market or better match local resources with more promising and rewarding careers.
Highlights
Kurt Lewin (1939) defined individual existence as a function of geography, social surroundings and time
Equation Model (SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) approach, we found that greater Place Attachment (PA) significantly improved their prospects of returning, rather than greater expected monthly income 3 years after graduation
We want to understand the interplay between objective factors underlying mobility, namely socio-economic status, and subjective factors, Place Attachment (PA) and Future Time Perspective (FTP), and how they connect with the returning intentions of university students with a rural background after graduation
Summary
Kurt Lewin (1939) defined individual existence as a function of geography, social surroundings and time. Space and time perceptions are, drivers of subjectivity shaping the most significant human decisions. Mobility has been a long standing key decision in life trajectory choices. Migrations are influenced by objective factors, such as socio-economic conditions, as well as by subjective factors, including personal perspectives on space and time (Bourdieu, 1984). In a globalized and densely interconnected society, settling in cities has become an imperative (Farrugia, 2016)
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