Abstract
Changes in the world in the last century and recent new knowledge of children's learning have made the "expanding horizons" model of the elementary social studies curriculum obsolete. In this article I propose new directions for K-6 social studies, including a curriculum model focused on key concepts, questions to guide student inquiry, and civic action projects. Informal feedback on these new ideas from 4 constituent groups-33 elementary school children, 62 preservice teachers, 28 in-service teachers, and 11 social studies education professors-revealed a consensus about several aspects of social studies curriculum reform, including the need for a new framework, interest in new topics and engaging questions, and the inclusion of civic action projects. The article concludes with a comprehensive plan for bringing about changes in the U.S. elementary social studies curriculum nationwide.
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