Beyond Conventional Boundaries: A Literature Study on Madrasah Management and the Construction of Online Learning Innovations

After going through the online teaching and learning process which was carried out at SMP Negeri L. Sidoharjo, students got used to studying at home and playing on cell phones until they forgot the teaching and learning process had been done face-to-face, so some children had problems studying at school, including not doing assignments school, lazy to study, often play online games, and skip school. Even from observations, some students received a summons, and their parents were called for not attending school without permission and not doing schoolwork. This study aims to determine the teaching and learning process after doing the online learning process, the effect of online learning on students' learning motivation, and the efforts of the supervising teacher in increasing student learning motivation. This type of research is descriptive and qualitative. Sources of data come from primary data and secondary data, the subjects in this study were the supervising teacher, homeroom teacher, and class VIII students. Techniques used in data collection by observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that the online teaching and learning process affects students' learning motivation which causes students' learning motivation to decrease, as can be seen from the attitudes, values , and behavior of students during the teaching and learning process. The efforts of the supervising teacher in increasing the learning motivation of class VIII students of SMP Negeri L. Sidoharjo using information services and individual counseling and taking an emotional approach to explore various information, provide encouragement, guidance, and direction, provide examples, and work together with homeroom teachers, teachers subjects for home visits, it is hoped that parents know and can contribute to helping increase student learning motivation. Obstacles faced by supervising teachers to increase student learning motivation are the lack of enthusiasm from within students, lack of attention to direction and guidance from teachers, and lack of support from the environment such as parents and students' peers.After going through the online teaching and learning process which was carried out at SMP Negeri L. Sidoharjo, students got used to studying at home and playing on cell phones until they forgot the teaching and learning process had been done face-to-face, so some children had problems studying at school, including not doing assignments school, lazy to study, often play online games, and skip school. Even from observations, some students received a summons, and their parents were called for not attending school without permission and not doing schoolwork. This study aims to determine the teaching and learning process after doing the online learning process, the effect of online learning on students' learning motivation, and the efforts of the supervising teacher in increasing student learning motivation. This type of research is descriptive and qualitative. Sources of data come from primary data and secondary data, the subjects in this study were the supervising teacher, homeroom teacher, and class VIII students. Techniques used in data collection by observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that the online teaching and learning process affects students' learning motivation which causes students' learning motivation to decrease, as can be seen from the attitudes, values , and behavior of students during the teaching and learning process. The efforts of the supervising teacher in increasing the learning motivation of class VIII students of SMP Negeri L. Sidoharjo using information services and individual counseling and taking an emotional approach to explore various information, provide encouragement, guidance, and direction, provide examples, and work together with homeroom teachers, teachers subjects for home visits, it is hoped that parents know and can contribute to helping increase student learning motivation. Obstacles faced by supervising teachers to increase student learning motivation are the lack of enthusiasm from within students, lack of attention to direction and guidance from teachers, and lack of support from the environment such as parents and students' peers.

The pandemic outbreak has resulted in most schools and universities being closed to prevent further spread. This, provides a change in the teaching and learning process which is usually in the classroom turning into online learning. However, the online learning process is not a new concept but only changes the learning process. In the teaching and learning process, there are six principles for effective learning according to Ramsden (2003). With these teaching principles, teachers can adapt learning effectively. This study focuses on examining EFL teachers as participants to see the online learning and teaching process. This study uses qualitative methods and case studies as research designs that focus on interviews and observations of the online learning process. From the results of the research that has been done, the teacher can explain the material using the platform well and effectively. In the online teaching process, the teacher provides a re-explanation in the explanation of the material to help online learning. Assessment of skills and knowledge for direct assessment and feedback during the online learning process. The use of learning methods that are in accordance with online learning. As well as making modifications in making materials and helping students when learning online. In conclusion, teachers can meet the Ramsden principles of online learning, but the drawback in online learning is the lack of interaction between teachers and students in online learning. Keywords: Construction, Online Learning, Teaching Practice

Background: Online learning is a form of education that takes place over the Internet. With the advancement of information and communication technologies, the acceptance of online education is increasing. It is an alternative to traditional classroom learning and involves using primarily the internet and one or more other technologies. Objective: To identify the advantages and disadvantages of online learning from the student’s perspective. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 256 MBBS students of Enam Medical College with a predesigned questionnaire by purposive sampling to assess the student’s perception towards the online teaching-learning modalities, its advantages, limitations and recommendations how the online teaching and learning process can be made more effective. Results: The findings of the study revealed that most of the students are self-educated and lack of institutional knowledge regarding ICT tools and online learning process. The study result showed several advantages including; it is flexible regarding the time and place, sharing of information is easy and cost effective. Whereas, lack of face-to-face interaction, less effective in practice-based learning, disturbance of physical health, lack in student feedback, reliable internet connection, lack in computer skills and limited infrastructure at work place are identified as challenges. The students have also given their opinion regarding the possible steps and strategies to improve the online learning more effective. Conclusion: As with most teaching methods, online learning also has its own set of positives and negatives. Several initiatives like; more communication between students and teachers, use of more suitable technology, supporting the struggling students and creating a sense of comfort can make it more effective. J Enam Med Col 2022; 12(1): 17−23

<p>This study aims to identify and obtain portrait information on the online teaching and learning process at home during the Covid-19 pandemic. Group B or children aged 5-6 years. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive method. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The data in this study were obtained from observations of parents, school principals, teachers, and children as primary data and interviews with parents, school principals, teachers and children and documentation collection as secondary data. The steps used by the researcher in analyzing the data are the first pre-field stage, then the implementation of the research and finally concluding the data. The results showed that (1) In the planning and implementation process of online learning for early childhood at RA Al-Muawanah, Cilandak Barat Village, the planning made by the principal and teachers had gone well. However, the reality on the ground is when parents do not carry out optimally and become less effective learning. The online learning process is carried out through zoom and google duo by utilizing groups on whatsapp, (2) In the online learning process parents experience problems or obstacles first, problems related to the internet, second, problems related to parental involvement in the online learning process, third , problems related to the patience of parents in guiding children during online learning, fourth, problems related to the limitations of EDUCATIONAL LEARNING TOOLS, (3) The solution to overcome the problems of online learning is first, the school provides free quota facilities for parents who use personal quotas, second, the school provides understanding to parents to ask their children to study at the nearest teacher's house, third, parents can give rewards or praise for the efforts of their children who have done online learning, fourth, teachers can design EDUCATIONAL LEARNING TOOLS or educational games that are more varied and not monotonous when playing it.</p>

The pandemic of Covid-19 has made significant impact on aspects of human life, including education. The restrictions by the government as an effort to prevent the spread of the virus have an impact on changes in the way of learning and the academic process. For 2 years the learning process was running by online. Now, slowly the hybrid system is also being implemented. Students with different characteristics try to redefine the process that they have undergone regarding the online and hybrid learning process. It is interesting to observe how students see the interaction in the online learning process and transition to hybrid. Using qualitative approach with focus group discussion as data collection technique to 10 students from different batches. As a result, there was confusion at the beginning for students, especially the class of 2020 because they did not have an idea how about the online learning process. The learning process with virtual becomes something informal in their perception when it can be done anywhere, for example from home. Distractions and difficulty in focusing happens to almost of all informants when they studying online .The phenomenon of dual device and multi-tasking is something often happens in online learning. When there is changing policy from online to hybrid, certain adaptations and adjustments are needed for students of the class of 2020 but not for students of class 2019. Most of the informants who have undergone the online learning process and are undergoing a hybrid system feel that the hybrid system offers flexibility for students as its positive side.

Abstract— Coronavirus or known as Covid-19 is an outbreak that has spread to various parts of the world including Indonesia. Residents of Ambon city also felt the difficult times of surviving in the midst of a pandemic. The adverse impact of this pandemic has notharmed the people of A mbon city, especially the lower middle class. Since the entry of this pandemic into the city of Ambon, the local government has continuously taken steps to overcome the pandemic by conducting PSBB, PPKM, and implementing various rules aimed at limiting community activities outside the home so that crowds do not occur. The negative impact due to Covid-19 also spreads to all aspects such as economic, socio-cultural, tourism aspects, and also affects the learning process in the city of Ambon, where the learning process is carried out online. This online learning process is a problem for people who do not have the supporting means to learn online. Since the Ministry of Education and Culture made this online learning decision, there have been various student opinions in response to this, especially Pattimura University students. In this study, an analysis of student opinions was carried out to find out negative sentiment, positive or neutral sentiment in students related to the online learning process policy made by the government using the K-Nearest Neighbors method and the Naïve Bayes Classifier method. in this study produced an accuracy value from the classification obtained using the KNN method was 37.12%, and the Naïve Bayes method produced a greater accuracy value of about 42.89% which was positive. This shows that the student's response to the performance and rules of online learning at one of the state universities in Ambon, Pattimura University is felt to be good for the online teaching and learning process.

This paper aims to discuss to what extent social, parental and family aspects affect the performance of university students in the Southern Africa Region. Principles of online teaching and learning and the qualitative and quantitative methodologies inform this research. Data comprises information and ideas of students and their parents or guardians, collected through a survey on online teaching and learning processes in the region. Data analyses indicate that over 77% of learners were not satisfied/successful with online learning. Financial challenges, however, are not the main reason of frustration. Only 39% of students report difficulties related to finances. A large number of respondents indicates issues related to negative parental and family involvement, such as lack of parental guidance and encouragement in favour of online learning and denial of this modality of education, as the major problems behind students’ frustration, dissatisfaction and failure. It is highlighted, therefore, that positive parental involvement is a key for students’ success, especially in the online learning process.

Pandemic COVID-19 is not over yet, however as an educator we should be more creative and innovative to motivate our students in teaching and learning processes. One of the important aspects of learning The English language is increasing reading comprehension. It is challenging for the educator to make it happen when doing online teaching and learning processes. To evaluate and analyze the problem the writer makes this research. The purpose of this study is to find out teacher strategies in teaching online reading classes during pandemics. The subjects are the third-semester students of The English Department, Language and Culture Faculty, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang. The research was held during the even semester of the academic year 2020/2021. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. The instruments of the data used in this study are questionnaires filled by the students. The objective of this study is to know some problems that happened during online teaching and learning process in reading class that give an impact in improving their reading comprehension skill. In this research, the writer collected students’ responses and did evaluations to make them more effective and interested in the teaching process. The research indicated that there are some problems faced by the students dealing with learning processes such as teaching strategies, technical problems during online teaching and learning process and they also need extra motivation to improve their reading comprehension. The findings suggested that educators can use diverse teaching strategies in reading class such as scaffolding, QARs (Question and answer relationship), and other strategies to stimulate them being active in online learning processes, the other problem is a technical problem as a signal when they are joining in a class by virtual meeting application. The learners also stated that they need motivation and guidance to use various methods in reading a text. Thus, the process of teaching online doesn’t have a big impact on improving reading comprehension but there are other problems should be noticed.

WhatsApp group is one of the most widely used online learning media. Communication patterns in the online teaching and learning processes are influenced by this media. This platform affects communication patterns in the online learning process. However, some students felt they did not enjoy teaching and learning using WhatsApp group. This qualitative study explored WhatsApp group as a communication pattern in teaching and learning process in a university, using observation and semi-structured interviews analyzed by using the concept from Tubbs, to gather data from five higher education students and a lecturer. Study findings expose that WhatsApp groups gave freely for higher education students to communicate. However, the social media showed weaknesses during the teaching and learning process, including poor internet connection and low phone memory capacity. The students seemed to be not disciplined. They could not regulate their time to learn. They could cheat the answer of their peers. In this regard, the lecturer had to be creative to encourage students’ participation. Therefore, the lecturer had some strategies to overcome it. The lecturer should be able to provide feedback to all students, create a fun class, and control students to be involved in class.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, all activities were hampered, one of which was in the field of education. Where in every educational institution requires online or virtual learning based on regulations set by the government to break the ropes of the spread of the COVID-19 virus. However, online learning currently has both advantages and disadvantages in the online or virtual teaching and learning process. and in this study it will be discussed about the online learning process in an educational institution to see whether the obstacles and changes contained in schools in the current online learning system

Communication activities are inherent in daily human life in socializing. The skill to communicate properly and correctly is a competency that a teacher must recognize. It is as stated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2005, regarding Teachers and Lecturers, Government Regulation Number 19 of 2005, the issue of national education standards, and regulations Minister of National Education (Permendiknas) Number 16 of 2007 issues Standards for Academic Qualifications and Teacher Competency. This study aimed to find out the strategies used by teachers and students in the online learning process during the pandemic at SMA Negeri 10 Ambon. The type of research used is quantitative research. The location of this research was conducted at SMA Negeri 10 Ambon, with the consideration that there is an online teaching and learning process. The results obtained, testing the hypothesis that has been done hypothesis is accepted. It shows that teacher and student communication strategies have a significant influence on online learning at SMA Negeri 10 Ambon. The influence of teacher and student communication strategies on online learning at SMA Negeri 10 Ambon can be seen from the value of the coefficient of determination (R²). Based on the calculations, an R² value of 61.2% was obtained. Teacher and student communication strategies for online learning at SMA Negeri 10 Ambon, while the remaining 38.8% was explained or influenced by other variables not examined.

The Covid-19 pandemic not only has an impact on the community's economy but has almost changed the entire order of social life, especially in the world of education. Based on central and local government policies that require online learning, of course, creates a dilemma for teachers amid limited IT knowledge, especially those in remote villages. The selection of the right method in the teaching and learning process is a serious problem, several factors need to be considered, such as the readiness of schools, teachers and students in the implementation of the online learning process. Of course, the application used must be accessible and understood by every teacher and student so that learning objectives are still achieved. The purpose of this community service activity is to implement the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, especially Community Service by equipping teachers with expertise or skills in the IT field, especially online learning applications that can be used in the online teaching and learning process. The method used in this service activity is through a lecture system, explaining materials related to online learning applications based on Google Classroom, zoom meetings and direct practice of using the application with the help of a practice companion team for MtsS Hajijah Amalia Sari students located in Link. III Batunadua Julu ( Ex Siparau ), Kec. Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Padang Sidimpuan City, North Sumatra, 22733.. The result of community service activities is that teachers can understand and be able to apply online learning methods such as google classroom so that the learning process can run effectively in the midst of the Covid 19 pandemic.

The goal of this study is to characterize the implementation of the online teaching and learning process (Synchronous and Asynchronous learning), including supportive and barrier elements, students' experiences with online learning, and future expectations for participation. During the COVID-19 epidemic, students are after completing the process of introducing online teaching and learning. The investigation was conducted out at SMK Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi, which is located in Tebing Tinggi. This study uses qualitative methodologies in its investigation. Teachers from SMK Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi were employed as participants in this study. Semi-regular inquiries and replies, as well as taking images and assessing field outcomes, were utilized to report data. The COVID-19 epidemic has had a significant impact on education, particularly the teaching and learning process; the implementation, which was formerly done face-to-face, has now been switched to an online teaching and learning process (Synchronous learning and Asynchronous learning). The availability of modern devices such as computers and cell-phones are as well as data bundles and reliable internet connections. There are also certain barriers for instructors in implementing the online teaching and learning process, such as numerous complaints about acquiring internet quotas, and students who are more inclined or hooked to using smartphones for entertainment than for doing homework. It is believed that through studying in this manner, children would be able to practice responsibility and extend their understanding of how to use existing technologies in the future.

– The purpose of this study was to determine the scientific and online learning process at home following the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses sample research methods used to obtain information on the constraints and constraints resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic on the activities of the scientific learning process in the province of Riau. In this study, the respondents were 50 lower secondary teachers in each district. Province of Riau. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and a list of questions was compiled on the Google-Forms platform. The interview was developed on the basis of certain related documents. The respondents to this study were teachers of lower secondary education and those who taught science courses in the province of Riau. The results of this study are that there are several obstacles encountered by teachers and students in online teaching and learning activities, namely that there is a decrease in the online learning process by 93 . 3, teachers have never done as much online learning as 43.3, there are factors that prevent online learning namely facilities and infrastructure limited to 70 and Internet networks up to 'at 66.7, a lack of concentration of students in the learning process which can reach 76.7, the respondents declared that they agreed if online learning is applied after the pandemic, but also interspersed with 50 % face to face. online learning ineffective up to 70 and 63.3 of the C ore C ompetency of learning in the natural sciences are not fully transmitted.

The teaching and learning process has a big revolution since Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID19) has spread out to the world. Education is one of the sectors that have a mostly big impact on its condition. COVID 19 changes everything in the education system. The teaching and learning process which do face to face must be changed to an online system. Thus, in this research, the researchers want to identify the teacher’s challenges for doing online teaching and learning. The researchers also describe the strength and weaknesses of online learning based on teachers’ perceptions. This research used a qualitative approach because the researchers describe teacher challenges toward online learning and the easiness and the difficulties of online learning in the pandemic era. The participants of this research were 14 English teachers from a different level of education in South Kalimantan. The instruments used in this study consisted of 12 open-ended questionnaires made online using Google form. The result of the questionnaire that has filled out by the participants recorded in the researcher’s email, then based on this result the researchers describe the findings and related it to the relevant theory. The findings of this research are most of the teachers agree that the challenges to applying online learning are in facilitation such as internet connection, quota, the places of home living, and the process of online learning itself such as the teacher’s less in technology for designing interesting online learning activities, less communicative, lack of interaction, and fostering an effective online learning climate and for the strength and the weakness of online learning activities most of the teachers agree that the strength of online learning is flexible in time and place, thus the teaching and learning can conduct everywhere and anytime, for the weakness the teacher agree that online learning can’t conduct maximal pedagogy process in learning activities. Keywords: teacher, challenges, online learning, pandemic era