Beyond Clotting: A Role of Platelets in CNS Repair?

Francisco J Rivera,Ludwig Aigner,Ilias Kazanis,Cedric Ghevaert

doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00511

Abstract

This work was supported by the State Government of Salzburg, Austria, (Stifungsprofessur, and 20204-WISS/80/199-2014), through funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreements n° HEALTH-F2-2011-278850 (INMiND), n° HEALTH-F2-2011-279288 (IDEA), n° FP7-REGPOT-316120 (GlowBrain), the Austrian Science Fund FWF Special Research Program (SFB) F44 (F4413-B23) “Cell Signaling in Chronic CNS Disorders,” by the research funds from the Paracelsus Medical University PMU-FFF (Long-Term Fellowship L-12/01/001-RIV to FR and Stand Alone grant 2058).

Highlights

Platelets are small, oval, circulating, anucleate cells that upon endothelial damage form a haemostatic plug and stop blood leakage
Α-granules contain several pro-angiogenic molecules that are secreted upon the activation of platelets, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), TGFβ, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), etc (Kaplan et al, 1979; Heldin et al, 1981; Nakamura et al, 1985; Folkman and Klagsbrun, 1987; Ben-Ezra et al, 1990; Mohle et al, 1997; English et al, 2000; Jonnalagadda et al, 2014)
We reported that upon demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC), platelets accumulate within the ipsilateral subventricular zone (SVZ) vasculature, a process associated with an enhanced survival of SVZ-resident neural stem cells (NSCs) (Kazanis et al, 2015)

Summary

Introduction

Oval, circulating, anucleate cells that upon endothelial damage form a haemostatic plug and stop blood leakage. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), PDGF, serotonin, ADP, and platelets-derived microparticles regulate recruitment, proliferation, survival, and differentiation of immune cells (neutrophils, monocytes) necessary for the local inflammatory and the phagocytic responses, and of cells that directly repair the lesion such as fibroblast, smooth muscle cells and tissue-specific progenitor cells (Nakamura et al, 1986; Crowley et al, 1994; Stellos et al, 2008, 2010; Mazzucco et al, 2010).

Results

Conclusion