Abstract
Domesticated in 8000–10,000 BP in northern China, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is the best adaptive rotational crop for semiarid central High Plains of the USA, where average annual precipitation is 356–407 mm. Proso millet has multiple benefits when consumed as human food. Proso millet is rich in minerals, dietary fiber, polyphenols, vitamins and proteins. It is gluten-free and therefore, ideal for the gluten intolerant people. Proso millet contains high lecithin which supports the neural health system. It is rich in vitamins (niacin, B-complex vitamins, folic acid), minerals (P, Ca, Zn, Fe) and essential amino acids (methionine and cysteine). It has a low glycemic index and reduces the risk of type-2 diabetes. Unfortunately, in the USA, it is mostly considered as bird feed, whereas it is mainly used as human food in many other countries. Besides human health benefits, proso millet has an impeccable environmental benefit. Proso millet possesses many unique characteristics (e.g., drought tolerance, short-growing season) which makes it a promising rotational crop for winter wheat-based dryland farming systems. Proso millet provides the most economical production system when used in a two years wheat/summer fallow cropping system in semiarid High Plains of the USA. It helps in controlling winter annual grass weeds, managing disease and insect pressure and preserving deep soil moisture for wheat. Proso millet can also be used as a rotational crop with corn or sorghum owing to its tolerance for atrazine, the primary herbicide used in corn and sorghum production systems. Proso millet certainly is a climate-smart, gluten-free, ancient, and small grain cereal, which is healthy to humans and the environment. The main challenge is to expand the proso millet market beyond bird feed into the human food industry. To overcome the challenge, unique proso millet varieties for human food and ready-to-use multiple food products must be developed. This requires successful collaboration among experts from diverse disciplines such as breeders, geneticists, food chemists and food industry partners.
Highlights
Millets are annual small-seeded cereal crops grown all over the world for food, feed, forage and fuel
Primary keywords used in search were proso millet, drought, climate, health benefits, ancient socioeconomic importance, and Proso millet (PM)-based food around the world
Primary keywords used in search were proso millet, drought, climate, health benefits, ancient identified proso millet research groups working on health benefit aspects and developing different grain and water useThen, efficiency
Summary
Millets are annual small-seeded cereal crops grown all over the world for food, feed, forage and fuel. It was introduced in North America in 1875 by the in different climatic zones [1,7] It is widely cultivated in India, China, Nepal, Africa, Russia, German-Russian immigrants, who planted along the eastern Atlantic coast [1,8]. It is one of the bestUkraine, Belarus, Middle East, Turkey and Romania. Proso millet is an important rotational crop used in CGP following winter crops This is an important feature as winter wheat serves as the base crop for most of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) because of the short growing season and dryland cropping system.
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