Beyond bereavement: Identifying risk and protective factors for prolonged grief disorder

Abstract

Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) manifests as a long-lasting and incapacitating response to bereavement. The goal of this qualitative study is to understand the intricate interplay of risk and protective factors that underlie PGD by exploring into the perspectives of expert clinicians in Pakistan. Our investigation encompassed in-depth interviews with eight clinical experts comprising clinical psychologists (N = 4, possessing Higher Education Commission-recognized degrees) and psychiatrists (N = 4, certified by Pakistan Medical Commission). Collectively, these professionals possessed a wealth of knowledge exceeding five years in the specialized management of PGD. Thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews, conducted using NVIVO, revealed a comprehensive taxonomy of risk factors contributing to PGD. These encompassed maladaptive thought patterns, psychological distress, attachment styles, and environmental factors. We identified a host of protective factors that may mitigate the development of PGD. These encompassed cultural, social, and familial support systems, individual coping mechanisms, and various treatment modalities.