Abstract
Beverages may be important contributors for energy intake and dietary quality. The purpose of the study was to investigate how beverage consumption varies between different meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper/evening meal, snacks) and between weekdays and weekend-days in Norwegian adults. A cross-sectional dietary survey was conducted among Norwegian adults (n = 1787) in 2010–2011. Two telephone-administered 24 h recalls were used for dietary data collection. Breakfast was the most important meal for milk and juice consumption, dinner for sugar-sweetened beverages and wine, and snacks for water, coffee, artificially sweetened beverages, and beer. Consumption of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages did not differ between weekdays and weekend-days among consumers. The average intake of wine and beer (men only) was higher on weekend-days. Higher age was positively associated with wine consumption and negatively associated with consumption of water, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened beverages. Higher education was associated with consumption of water, beer, and wine, whereas lower education was associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Beverage consumption patterns among Norwegian adults vary between different meal types and in subgroups of the population. Alcohol consumption was higher on weekend-days. Knowledge regarding beverage consumption patterns in the population should be considered when revising dietary guidelines in the future.
Highlights
Beverages may be important contributors for energy intake and overall dietary quality, in the same way as food [1,2,3]
This corresponds partly to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 1999–2006 among more than 4000 U.S adult participants, where the researchers found that water intake declined with increasing age and higher education was associated with higher water consumption [43]
Beverage consumption patterns in the Norwegian adult population varied between different meal types
Summary
Beverages may be important contributors for energy intake and overall dietary quality, in the same way as food [1,2,3]. TheThe oldest ageage group had had lower for consuming water than the younger participants (18–34 years) was a lower odds odds for consuming water than the younger participants and there and was athere significant significant trend for consumption less water consumption with increasing age. Our results implied that water consumption was more prevalent among younger participants and participants having a higher education This corresponds partly to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 1999–2006 among more than 4000 U.S adult participants, where the researchers found that water intake declined with increasing age and higher education was associated with higher water consumption [43]. This corresponds to the results from the present study as the odds of juice consumption were significantly lower in the oldest, compared to the youngest, age group
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