Abstract
Introduction: Uveitis is an eye disease characterized by inflammation of the uvea and an early and exhaustive diagnosis is essential for its treatment. The aim of our study is to assess the potential toxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Bevacizumab in an experimental uveitis model by subcutaneously injecting lipopolysaccharide into Lewis rats and to clarify its mechanism.Material and Methods: Blood–aqueous barrier integrity was assessed 24 h after endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) by analyzing two parameters: cell count and protein concentration in aqueous humors. Histopathology of all eye structures was also studied. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent analyses of the aqueous humor samples were performed in order to calculate the diverse chemokine and cytokine protein levels and oxidative stress-related markers were also evaluated.Results: The aqueous humor’s cellular content significantly increased in the group treated with only Bevacizumab, but it had no effect on retina histopathological grading. Nevertheless, the inflammation noted in ocular structures when administering Bevacizumab with endotoxin was mostly prevented since aqueous humor cell content considerably lowered, and concomitantly with a sharp drop in uveal, vitreous, and retina histopathological grading. The values of the multi-faceted cytokine IL-2 also significantly decreased (p < 0.05 vs. endotoxin group), and the protective IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines values rose with related anti-oxidant system recovery (p < 0.05 vs. endotoxin group). Concurrently, some related M1 macrophage chemokines substantially increased, e.g., GRO/KC, a chemokine that also displays any kind of protective role.Conclusion: All these results revealed that 24 h after being administered, Bevacizumab treatment in EIU significantly prevented inflammation in various eye structures and correct results in efficacy vs. toxicity balance were obtained.
Highlights
Uveitis is an eye disease characterized by inflammation of the uvea and an early and exhaustive diagnosis is essential for its treatment
The main invading immune cells are T-lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, which are located in growing lesions (Mérida et al, 2015). Both of these cell types release an array of soluble inflammatory mediators, which are vital for disease onset and disease progress (Sijssens et al, 2007)
Intense inflammation was observed in the rat anterior chamber of eyes 24 h after administering endotoxin, which indicates disrupted blood–barrier integrity
Summary
Uveitis is an eye disease characterized by inflammation of the uvea and an early and exhaustive diagnosis is essential for its treatment. An ophthalmological illness, has environmental and polygenic influences that bring about loss of vision and implicates many heterogeneous diseases, all characterized by intraocular inflammation, which commences in the uvea, and whose otherwise involved immune pathways have been precisely described (Trinh et al, 2008). The main invading immune cells are T-lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, which are located in growing lesions (Mérida et al, 2015). Both of these cell types release an array of soluble inflammatory mediators (chemokines and cytokines), which are vital for disease onset and disease progress (Sijssens et al, 2007). Apart from this complex paradigm, many other cytokines have antithetical effects depending on the context in which they are released (Curnow and Murray, 2006)
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