Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Metastatic Calcinosis of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Secondary to Renal Failure Resulting in Symptomatic Aortic Regurgitation

Abstract

Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of death in dialysis-dependent chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. The array of cardiovascular complications in CRF patients is vast and includes processes such as coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, and valvular disease.1 Of those patients with valve calcification, the mitral annulus, mitral valve, and aortic valve are the classic sites predisposed to metastatic calcification in CRF patients.2 Valvular calcification can then lead to secondary complications, which include valvular dysfunction, conduction abnormalities, and embolization.