Better Resilient than Resistant—Regeneration Dynamics of Storm-Disturbed Mangrove Forests on the Bay Island of Guanaja (Honduras) during the First Two Decades after Hurricane Mitch (October 1998)

Thomas Fickert

doi:10.3390/d10010008

Abstract

Located at the interface of land and sea, Caribbean mangroves frequently experience severe disturbances by hurricanes, but in most cases storm-impacted mangrove forests are able to regenerate. How exactly regeneration proceeds, however, is still a matter of debate: does—due to the specific site conditions—regeneration follows a true auto-succession with exactly the same set of species driving regeneration that was present prior to the disturbance, or do different trajectories of regeneration exist? Considering the fundamental ecosystem services mangroves provide, a better understanding of their recovery is crucial. The Honduran island of Guanaja offers ideal settings for the study of regeneration dynamics of storm-impacted mangrove forests. The island was hit in October 1998 by Hurricane Mitch, one of the most intense Atlantic storms of the past century. Immediately after the storm, 97% of the mangroves were classified as dead. In 2005, long-term monitoring on the regeneration dynamics of the mangroves of the island was initiated, employing permanent line-transects at six different mangrove localities all around the island, which have been revisited in 2009 and 1016. Due to the pronounced topography of the island, different successional pathways emerge depending on the severity of the previous disturbance.

Highlights

Located at the interface of land and sea, mangroves provide many important ecosystem services fortropical coastal regions and their population [1,2,3,4,5]
In 2005, long-term monitoring on the regeneration dynamics of the mangroves on Guanaja was initiated, employing permanent line-transects at six different mangrove localities all around the island (Figure 1)
Differences in the state of mangrove regeneration in 2005 that led to the rough classification in Differences in the state of mangrove regeneration in 2005 that led to the rough classification in low, moderate, and high regeneration sites shown in Figure 5, most likely result from differences in low, moderate, and high regeneration sites shown in Figure 5, most likely result from differences in the the preceding disturbance by Hurricane Mitch

Summary

Introduction

Located at the interface of land and sea, mangroves provide many important ecosystem services for (sub)tropical coastal regions and their population [1,2,3,4,5]. Can extreme disturbances even transform mangrove forests into different ecosystems [22]?. Considering the fundamental ecosystem services mangroves provide, a better understanding of the recovery of those forests is crucial, in particular as an increase of the hurricane intensity and/or frequency with global warming is predicted by climate models Diversity 2018, 10, 8 mangroves provide, a better understanding of the recovery of those forests is crucial, in particular as an increase of the hurricane intensity and/or frequency with global warming is predicted by climate models (on this controversial discussion, see, e.g., [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32]). The Honduran island of Guanaja provides an discussion, ideal setting the[24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32])

Results

Discussion

Conclusion