Abstract
At birth preterm babies are unable to tolerate sufficient enteral nutrition to support growth and development. Parenteral nutrition provides a means to bridge the transition from placental transfer of nutrients to the establishment of enteral feeds. Despite preterm babies being one of the highest users of parenteral nutrition amongst all patient groups and that it has been in use in preterm infants for several decades, the evidence base for its use remains weak. There are several areas of uncertainty in practice, including the optimal and relative intakes of macronutrients and the optimal timing of initiation of parenteral nutrition after birth. High quality randomised controlled trials powered to detect differences in long term functional outcomes are needed to determine best practice in preterm parenteral nutrition practice.
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