Better Hemodynamics and Less Antihypertensive Medication: Comparison of Scalp Block and Local Infiltration Anesthesia for Skull-Pin Placement in Awake Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

Abstract

In deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, acute high blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage. To minimize pain and hypertensive conditions, sufficient local anesthesia is mandatory. We evaluated whether local instillation of anesthetics (LA) or a scalp block (SB) is superior concerning intraoperative hemodynamics and analgesia. We retrospectively analyzed intraoperative cardiovascular parameters and perioperative medication in 47 patients (LA= 29, SB= 18) undergoing DBS surgery. Primary study end points were intraoperative systolic BP and heart rate. Secondary end points were use of intraoperative antihypertensives and perioperative analgesics. Patients who had SB showed lower mean systolic BP and heart rate compared with patients who had LA. Patients who had LA required more antihypertensive medication to stabilize BP. BP was higher, particularly during the first 90 minutes of surgery, in patients who had LA. Thereafter, more antihypertensives were necessary to achieve sufficient BP control in the LA group. The dose of analgesics did not differ significantly between both groups during and after surgery. Our data suggest that SB might be superior to LA for DBS surgery with respect to BP control and hemodynamics. The need for analgesics does not differ substantially between both anesthetic treatment options.