Abstract
Depression is very common in reproductive women particularly with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Beta-arrestins were previously implicated in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment for mood disorders. This study examined whether a measurement for beta-arrestin1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC), could aid to distinguish between PMDD and PMS. Study participants (n = 25) were non-pregnant women between 18–42 years of age with the symptoms of PMS/PMDD, but not taking any antidepressants/therapy and at the luteal phase of menstruation. The levels of beta-arrestin1 protein in the PBMCs were determined by ELISA using human beta-arrestin1 kit. The beta-arrestin1 levels were compared with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores among these women. The magnitude of the different parameters for Axis 1 mental disorders were significantly higher and beta arrestin1 protein levels in PBMCs were significantly lower in women with PMDD as compared to PMS women. The reduction in beta arrestin1 protein levels was significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Beta-arrestin1 measurements in women may potentially serve for biochemical diagnostic purposes for PMDD and might be useful as evidence-based support for questionnaires.
Highlights
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common disorders experienced by women during their reproductive years
1 mental disorders were significantly higher and beta arrestin1 protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) were significantly lower in women with Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) as compared to PMS women
The reduction in beta arrestin1 protein levels was significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms
Summary
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common disorders experienced by women during their reproductive years. Up to 90% of women at their reproductive years are affected to some degree by PMS. Common symptoms of PMS include anger, irritability, and internal tension that are severe enough to interfere with daily activities. Many women have just a few mild symptoms, while others suffer severe discomfort [1]. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS [2]. PMDD is usually a chronic condition and can have a serious impact on a woman’s quality of life. Unipolar depression and other Axis 1 disorders are more common in women with
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