Beta-Glucan as Wall Material in Encapsulation of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) Extract

Małgorzata Sobieralska,Marcin Andrzej Kurek

doi:10.1007/s11130-019-00741-x

Małgorzata Sobieralska, Marcin Andrzej Kurek

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-019-00741-x

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of using β-glucan as wall material to microencapsulate the elderberry extract. Firstly, the extract was obtained by the water-acetone extraction method to extract mainly anthocyanins from ground dried fruits. The extract was mixed with wall materials: maltodextrin-β-glucan mixture and the control sample as a widely used combination of maltodextrin and arabic gum (92.5:7.5). In the examined samples the content of β-glucan was 0.5, 1, 2 and 3%. Properties of encapsulated extracts of final powders were measured using particle size and morphology, encapsulation efficiency, color measurement, total anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content (TAC and TAAC) methods. Our results indicated that the β-glucan wall material samples had higher process quality compared to control samples. Addition of β-glucan insignificantly decreases encapsulation efficiency. Among powders with β-glucan content, the powder with 1% β-glucan content was characterized by the smallest (24 μm) particle size. The sample with 2% β-glucan content had the highest water solubility and polydispersity index. Due to the encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, and water solubility index, the optimum condition of microencapsulation process for elderberry extract was for samples with 0.5% β-glucan as wall material content. To conclude, due to high molecular weight of β-glucan the higher than 0.5% ratio of β-glucan is not recommended for spray-drying method. However, small quantity of health-beneficial β-glucan could act as potential encapsulation agent in clean label products to replace Arabic gum.

Highlights

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is a plant, most common in Europe and North Africa
The largest bulk density had a sample with the highest amount of β-glucan, and the smallest sample with the lowest amount of β-glucan
The high bulk density values (0.93 ± 0.001) of β-glucan ratio - 3% is related to the molecular weight of this powder (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is a plant, most common in Europe and North Africa. the plant isPlant Foods Hum Nutr (2019) 74:334–341Their consumption may cause nausea, vomiting, and more severe side effects, including numbness and stupor [2, 7]. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is a plant, most common in Europe and North Africa. Their consumption may cause nausea, vomiting, and more severe side effects, including numbness and stupor [2, 7]. Research on short-term heating elderberry has a positive effect on reducing the risk of allergic reactions, caused by the presence of allergens such as lectins ebulin f and SELfd, with an insignificant reduction of health-beneficial compounds [8]. The high content of anthocyanins among other berries that occur in the largest number in the plant are cyanidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-glucoside, and in smaller amount cyanidin-3-sambubioside-5-glucoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside [5, 9]. Sambucus nigra L. contains around 800 mg cyanidin-anthocyanins in 100 g cultivars [3]. Anthocyanins, chemically classified as flavonoids, have been revealed in many researches as a result of their antioxidant activity, prevention of chronic disease progression such as cancer [7], the anti-influenza and the anti-cold effect [10, 11], reducing oxidative damage to the human body [3, 5, 8], and reducing diabetes and obesity [2]

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