Abstract
Diffraction is a phenomenon related to the wave nature of light and arises when a propagating wave comes across an obstacle. Consequently, the wave can be transformed in amplitude or phase and diffraction occurs. Those parts of the wavefront avoiding an obstacle form a diffraction pattern after interfering with each other. In this review paper, we have discussed the topic of non-diffractive beams, explicitly Bessel beams. Such beams provide some resistance to diffraction and hence are hypothetically a phenomenal alternate to Gaussian beams in several circumstances. Several outstanding applications are coined to Bessel beams and have been employed in commercial applications. We have discussed several hot applications based on these magnificent beams such as optical trapping, material processing, free-space long-distance self-healing beams, optical coherence tomography, superresolution, sharp focusing, polarization transformation, increased depth of focus, birefringence detection based on astigmatic transformed BB and encryption in optical communication. According to our knowledge, each topic presented in this review is justifiably explained.
Highlights
Bessel functions are precise solutions to the Helmholtz equation [1,2], i.e., classic Bessel beams (BB) are diffraction free and offer noteworthy features such as an exceptional depth-of-field (DOF), self-recovery, and beam-width relative to the scattering limit
The zero-order beam E0 has a maximum intensity on the axis, similar to the Gaussian beam (GB); but, unlike the GB, it has a collection of circular nodes ringing the axis as seen in Figure 1 [4]
The usefulness of employing axicon micro-optics has been solely established by imaging a biological sample, precisely an African frog tadpole, at different places attained with an incident power of 25 mW and an irradiation time of 50 μs as shown in Figure 8b The detailed study on SD-Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be found here [146]
Summary
Bessel functions are precise solutions to the Helmholtz equation [1,2], i.e., classic Bessel beams (BB) are diffraction free and offer noteworthy features such as an exceptional depth-of-field (DOF), self-recovery, and beam-width relative to the scattering limit. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) provides extremely high image processing speed, good signal-to-noise ratio, a low level of photo-bleaching, and good optical depth of penetration. This unique combination allows you to successfully apply this technology to the study of living microorganisms in real-time. We have briefly explained the methods for the generation of BBs and recent advances in the utilization of these extraordinary beams in several applications such as optical trapping, material processing, self-healing property for underwater optical communication, optical coherence tomography, superresolution, sharp focusing and polarization transformation, increased depth of focus and other related applications.
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