Abstract
EuAP2 genes are well-known for their role in flower development, a legacy of the founding member of this subfamily of transcription factors, whose mutants lacked petals in Arabidopsis. However, studies of euAP2 genes in several species have accumulated evidence highlighting the diverse roles of euAP2 genes in other aspects of plant development. Here, we emphasize other developmental roles of euAP2 genes in various species and suggest a shift from regarding euAP2 genes as just flowering genes to consider the global role they may be playing in plant development. We hypothesize that their almost universal expression profile and pleiotropic effects of their mutation suggest their involvement in fundamental plant development processes.
Highlights
APETALA2 (AP2) genes are named after a series of Arabidopsis mutants characterized by homeotic transformations of their sepals to leaves and/or carpels and petals to staminoid petals
An additional distinction is the presence of a miR172 binding site in euAP2 lineage that possess three additional pre-AP2 domain motifs and basal sequences that lack such motifs is absent in ANT AP2 [12]
As a plant approaches reproductive phase, miR172 is recruited to regulate expression of euAP2 genes in a timely and spatially restricted manner leading to the development of normal reproductive tissues [51,52,61,62,68,69]
Summary
APETALA2 (AP2) genes are named after a series of Arabidopsis mutants characterized by homeotic transformations of their sepals to leaves and/or carpels and petals to staminoid petals. An additional distinction is the presence of a miR172 binding site in euAP2 lineage that possess three additional pre-AP2 domain motifs and basal sequences that lack such motifs is absent in ANT AP2 [12]. ERF: This subfamily is comprised of genes that have single AP2 domain It is usually the largest motifs (Figure 1) [12,13]. Genome-wide analysis showed that the euAP2 lineage is made up of six genes in Arabidopsis [12]. These six genes have been actively studied in the context of their role in floral ontogeny. Functional characterization in Arabidopsis and several other plants indicate that euAP2 genes are involved in other developmental processes besides flower development. By highlighting other roles of euAP2 genes in plant development, we aim to bring attention to their possible involvement in global and fundamental plant developmental processes
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