Beryllium doped graphene as an efficient anode material for lithium-ion batteries with significantly huge capacity: A DFT study

Abstract

First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the lithium (Li) adsorption upon beryllium (Be) doped graphene. Be acts as hole doping in graphene leaving the structure as electron deficient, offering a greater tendency for Li adsorption than in pristine and boron (B) doped graphene. The introduction of Be augments the adsorption energy of Li from −1.11 to −2.53eV/Li. Furthermore, 12, and 16 Li ions can easily be captured by one Be center in the single and double vacancy case, respectively, with the adsorption energies of −1.33eV/Li (for both the cases), showing that Be doped graphene is an excellent anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Consequently, the presence of structural defects, in particular, a divacancy is found to be more efficient in terms of Li storage capacity. A huge Li storage capacity (2303.295mAh/g) is calculated for Li8BeC7 having reasonable adsorption energy (−1.47eV/Li). Our calculated capacity is 6.19 times greater than that of the graphite.