Abstract
I now turn to Bernard Williams’ philosophical realism which is a metaphysical position that he develops, argues for and defends in his discussion of Descartes’ ‘project of pure enquiry’, as he calls it, in his book on Descartes, published in 1979. The project in question is Williams’ interesting reading of Descartes’ method of doubt in which Descartes uses this method of systematic doubt to establish the secure foundations of knowledge. What Williams brings to it in his reading of it is the connection he claims Descartes presupposes, rightly in Williams’ view, between knowledge and ‘an absolute conception of reality’ — that is of a reality that is there ‘anyway’ (as he puts it) whether or not there are human beings with consciousness, societies with a culture and a language. What is in question is a conception of reality not relative to any particular language.
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