從Berio、Rochberg的作品探討拼貼(Collage)之手法與理念

Abstract

Since 1945, the development of serialism had influenced Western music after World War II. At that time, almost all composers devoted themselves to the creation of serialism. Serialism composition techniques gradually evolved with time, including works in complete control of pitch, rhythm, strength and other factors, as well as the way of thinking. When expressing their creative ideas, some composers became conscious of the alienation with the audiences and limitations of their music. In addition to the composition techniques in serialism, other techniques and thoughts on music included: chance music, electronic music, minimalist music emerged along with serialism; the collage, which through the combination of heterogeneous raw material and techniques spread out the new art form, furthermore via the diverse musical quotations and the juxtaposition of style or texture formed the technique and idea of composition, also used by many composers and prevalence, as well as produced a large number of compositions, especially during the 1960s. This thesis discusses issues from the perspective of collage. First, the author will examine the meaning and application of collage and then explore the historical relationship between collage and visual and music art of twentieth century. Then, to trace the development of collage on the twentieth century music, an analysis on why 1960s composers began to quote past compositions and what factors affecting and causing them to do so is presented. Among collage compositions in music, this thesis uses the third movement of Luciano Berio(1925-2003)’s Sinfonia(1968-69) and the first act of George Rochberg(1918-2005)’s Music for the Magic Theater(1965) as music instances of the collage compositions in music. Not only works of those two contemporary composers who lived in 1960s but in different regions can be used as a typical presentation of collage on the experimental work in music but also their works demonstrate common and different characteristics in term of using Mahler and Mozart as carrier (support, bearer) in music and the idea for the use of collage. Those subtle similarities and differences are of the reason why author select these two music compositions as case study. Finally, this thesis will bring up some reflections on using the technique and idea of collage in music compositions.