Abstract
The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of berberine hydrochloride (BH) on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of CNE-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Our results shed light on the functional components of traditional Chinese herbs for potential use in modern medicine. The CNE-1 cell line was treated with different concentrations of BH and effects on cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Anti-migratory and anti-invasive actions of BH were investigated using wound healing assays and the Millicell Hanging cell culture insert system, respectively. Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene twist (Twist) was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis was estimated with an annexin-V fluorescein (FITC) apoptosis detection kit, as well as with reference to levels of activated caspase-3 of CNE-1 cells before and after treatment with BH utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy. BH was capable of reducing proliferation and viability of CNE-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, also demonstrating anti-migratory and anti-invasive capacities which correlated with reduction in expression of Twist. Finally, BH was able to induce significant amounts of apoptosis in CNE-1 cells, as demonstrated by an increase in the activity of caspase-3 and in annexin-V staining following treatment. BH extracted from rhizoma coptidis demonstrated an ability to block proliferation, induce apoptosis, and impair the migration and invasion of the CNE-1 cell line Considering these properties, our results suggest that BH could be an important compound for consideration in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Highlights
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common epithelial malignancy of the nasopharynx and it is an endemic disease, with a distinct racial and geographic distribution
berberine hydrochloride (BH) extracted from rhizoma coptidis demonstrated an ability to block proliferation, induce apoptosis, and impair the migration and invasion of the CNE-1 cell line Considering these properties, our results suggest that BH could be an important compound for consideration in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
We investigated the effects of BH on the viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of a highly differentiated nasopharyngeal cancer cell line CNE1 to determine BH’s efficacy in blocking nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in vitro
Summary
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common epithelial malignancy of the nasopharynx and it is an endemic disease, with a distinct racial and geographic distribution. High-incidence areas of NPC are found in Southeast Asia and North Africa, and low-incidence areas are in the USA, Europe, and Japan (Segawa et al, 2009). At this time, the pathogenesis of NPC is not clear, nor are there effective and low-toxicity therapeutics available for treatment. We investigated the effects of BH on the viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of a highly differentiated nasopharyngeal cancer cell line CNE1 to determine BH’s efficacy in blocking nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in vitro
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