Abstract
Summary Sugarloaf-shaped mountains and related phenomena, which occur in various climatic zones, are described. They are built up by more or less concentric shell-shaped fragments, which vary in size, splitting off from scarcely jointed plutonic rocks or massive sedimentary rocks. If this process is caused by unloading, i.e. by intense erosion, rather large scale-shaped rock fragments may be separated from the remaining bedrocks. If the bedrock is overlain by thick deposits of saprolite, thin layers of rock are peeled off by hydration. Preformed sugarloaf-shaped mountains underneath deposits of saprolite with convex slopes or walls can be exhumed by combined work of vertical erosion, denudation, and sheet-wash (downwearing of a pediment). Various processes produce similar features: thus they are of no use for climate indications. Finally, a terminological concept is suggested that takes the genesis of various forms into consideration.
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