Benzyl and Methyl Fatty Hydroxamic Acids Based on Palm Kernel Oil as Chelating Agent for Liquid-Liquid Iron(III) Extraction

Md Jelas Haron,Behnam Mahdavi,Sidik Silong,Anuar Kassim,Jamileh Amin,Nor Azah Yusof,Hossein Jahangirian,Mazyar Peyda,Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam,Yadollah Abdollahi

doi:10.3390/ijms13022148

Abstract

Liquid-liquid iron(III) extraction was investigated using benzyl fatty hydroxamic acids (BFHAs) and methyl fatty hydroxamic acids (MFHAs) as chelating agents through the formation of iron(III) methyl fatty hydroxamate (Fe-MFHs) or iron(III) benzyl fatty hydroxamate (Fe-BFHs) in the organic phase. The results obtained under optimized conditions, showed that the chelating agents in hexane extract iron(III) at pH 1.9 were realized effectively with a high percentage of extraction (97.2% and 98.1% for MFHAs and BFHAs, respectively). The presence of a large amount of Mg(II), Ni(II), Al(III), Mn(II) and Co(II) ions did affect the iron(III) extraction. Finally stripping studies for recovering iron(III) from organic phase (Fe-MFHs or Fe-BFHs dissolved in hexane) were carried out at various concentrations of HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4. The results showed that the desired acid for recovery of iron(III) was 5 M HCl and quantitative recovery of iron(III) was achieved from Fe(III)-MFHs and Fe(III)-BFHs solutions in hexane containing 5 mg/L of Fe(III).

Highlights

Separation and concentration of metal ions including iron(III) are important from the perspective of both environmental and economic profits
The high percentage of iron(III) extraction in heptane and hexane could be due to methyl fatty hydroxamic acids (MFHAs) having linear alky branch which is more soluble in hydrocarbon compared to other types of organic solvents
The results show that the percentage of iron(III) extraction increases when MFHAs concentration in organic phase increases (Figure 2) and maximum iron(III) extraction was obtained when the concentration of MFHAs concentration was 0.0158 M

Summary

Introduction

Separation and concentration of metal ions including iron(III) are important from the perspective of both environmental and economic profits. Many reagents have been used for extraction and separation of iron(III) from aqueous solutions [1]. Rios et al reported an unconventional solvent less method for iron(III) extraction using ionic liquids. They reported that the ionic liquid methyltrioctylammonium chloride allowed almost complete extraction of iron(III) from the aqueous solutions [2]. Jayachandran et al studied the liquid-liquid extraction of iron(III) with 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid mono 2-ethyl hexyl ester (PC-88A) in toluene. They showed that quantitative extraction of iron(III) with 5 × 10−3 M PC-88A in toluene was achieved in the pH range 0.75–2.5. Saji and Reddy used a mixed solvent system consisting of tributyl phosphate and methyl isobutyl ketone for extraction of iron(III)

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