Abstract
Benzophenones, frequently used as UV chemical filters, are absorbed through the skin and can exert systemic adverse effects. So far, most of the data are related to their action on sex hormone receptors whereas potential neurotoxic effect is expected mainly on the basis of in vitro studies. The aim of the present study was to determine concentrations of BP-2, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in the rat brain after topical administration of this compound. Male Wistar rats were treated dermally with BP-2 (100 mg/kg, 4 weeks), and next, blood and tissue BP-2 concentrations and oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were determined. After dermal BP-2 administration, blood level of this compound was about 300 ng/ml while in the liver and adipose tissue 1354 and 823 ng/g wt tissue, respectively. In the studied brain structures, the levels of the test compound were from 5 to 19 ng/g tissue. In the hippocampus, where BP-2 level was about 3.5-fold lower than in the frontal cortex, no significant changes in either oxidative stress and apoptosis markers were observed. There was also no change in apoptosis markers in the frontal cortex but unexpectedly the oxidative stress markers were reduced. The research showed that BP-2 passes through the blood-brain barrier but its concentration in the brain structures are much lower than in the blood. This compound did not exacerbate oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, and even lowered oxidative stress in the frontal cortex.
Highlights
Benzophenone derivatives are most common ultraviolet (UV) light filters used in a variety of cosmetics, like lipstics, shampoos, body lotions, conditioners, and hair sprays
Representative chromatograms of serum and liver sample from control and BP-2-treated animals are shown in Fig. 1b, d
The present study demonstrates that BP-2 is absorbed through the skin and occurs in micromolar concentrations in the blood, liver, and adipose tissue
Summary
Benzophenone derivatives are most common ultraviolet (UV) light filters used in a variety of cosmetics, like lipstics, shampoos, body lotions, conditioners, and hair sprays. They are added to the production of food packaging to protect it from the damaging effects of sunlight. Subsequent studies showed that significant amounts of these compounds were absorbed by the skin, entered the circulation, and could exert systemic effects, mainly on the endocrine system function. Benzophenones belong to the group of endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDCs) because they show an affinity for the steroid hormone receptors and interfere with gonadal function. Most of the in vitro and in vivo data indicate estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects
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