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Abstract
Benzophenones from natural sources and those of synthetic analogues present several reports of potent biological properties, and Guttiferone A represents a promising medicinal natural compound with analgesic and gastroprotective profiles. Considering that there are no reports that assess the genetic toxicity of Guttiferone A, the present study was undertaken to investigate the genotoxic potential of this benzophenone isolated from seeds of Garcinia achachairu in terms of DNA damage in different cells of Swiss albino mice using the comet assay, and its clastogenic/aneugenic effects in bone marrow cells in vivo by the micronucleus test. Cytotoxicity was assessed by scoring polychromatic (PCE) and normochromatic (NCE) erythrocytes ratio. Guttiferone A was administered by oral gavage at doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg. The results showed that Guttiferone A produced genotoxic effects in leukocytes, liver, bone marrow, brain and testicle cells and clastogenic/aneugenic effects in bone marrow erythrocytes of mice. The PCE/NCE ratio indicated no cytotoxicity. Since guttiferone A is harmful to the genetic material we suggest caution in its use by humans.
Highlights
The genotoxic assessment of plants and its compounds with possible therapeutic properties is very important because DNA damage induced by mutagens can play a key role in the process of carcinogenesis and inherited genetic diseases.Plants belonging to the Clusiaceae family are distributed mainly in tropical regions
Garcinia achachairu Rusby belongs to the genus Garcinia; which is widely distributed in the region of Santa Cruz, Bolivia and is well-adapted in Brazil, where it is easy to cultivate and harvest
Trypan blue staining showed that the cell viability for all the cells was greater than 90 %, confirming the absence of cytotoxicity observed by the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)-NCE ratio in the micronucleus (MN) test (Table 2), for the three tested doses of the test compound
Summary
Plants belonging to the Clusiaceae (or Guttiferae) family are distributed mainly in tropical regions This family comprises about 40 genera and 1,200 species, the genus Garcinia (exRheedia) being the most numerous, with about 400 species widely distributed in tropical Brazil, Polynesia, New Caledonia, Africa, and Asia [1]. Garcinia achachairu Rusby belongs to the genus Garcinia; which is widely distributed in the region of Santa Cruz, Bolivia and is well-adapted in Brazil, where it is easy to cultivate and harvest. This plant is used in Bolivian folk medicine for its healing, digestive, and laxative properties [2]. In Brazil, it is popularly known as “achachairu” and is used in folk medicine to treat rheumatism, inflammation, pain and gastric disorders [3,4]
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