Benthic fisheries ecology in a changing environment: Unraveling process to achieve prediction

Abstract

Marine fisheries and the ecosystems that sustain them are increasingly beset by environmental deterio- ration, and the problem is particularly acute in coastal zones where human populations are increasing. In the best of circumstances, fishery managers are faced with the multiple, often conflicting, demands of resource users, politicians, and scientists when considering strategies for resource management. A further challenge is that management decisions must be made against a backdrop of a deteriorating environment and the shifting status of coastal ecosystem integrity. Traditional tools for single-species management may be inadequate in these settings. Furthermore, the necessary em- pirical data to appropriately parameterize models with vital rates representative of an altered environment are often lacking. Thus, we need approaches that better approximate the complicated dynamics between environmental condi- tions, fishery impacts, and multi-species interactions. Spatially-explicit, individual-based simulation modeling poten- tially permits this kind of integration, but it has seen limited use in marine resource management, especially with respect to benthic resources. My colleagues and I have used this approach, combined with targeted experimental work, to ex- plore the impacts of nursery habitat deterioration, coastal freshwater management, and fishery activities on Caribbean spiny lobster populations and sponge community structure in the Florida Keys, Florida (USA). Although not applicable for all resource management situations, our experiences provide an example of the potential use of spatially-explicit, individual-based modeling and targeted empirical science in predicting resource conditions in a dynamic environment.