Benthic Diatom Communities in the Main Stream of Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors

Abstract

In order to study changes in benthic diatom communities and their relationships with environmental factors during different hydrological periods, 32 sites were sampled in the main stream of the Three Gorges Reservoir during the non-storage period (July 2015 to September 2015) and the storage period (December 2015 to March 2016). Results showed that there were significant differences in water temperature (WT), underwater light intensity (PAR), pH, conductivity (Spc), dissolved oxygen (DO), redox potential (ORP), turbidity (Tur), transparency (SD), flow rate (v), and permanganate index between the storage and non-storage periods. Ninety-six species of benthic diatoms, belonging to 28 genera, were identified during the two hydrological periods. Thirteen dominant species and three dominant species were identified during the non-storage period and the storage period, respectively, suggesting that some differences existed in the composition and distribution of dominant species between the two periods. However, Melosira varians, an α-polluting and eutrophic species, was dominant during both of the hydrological periods. Redundancy analysis (RDA) found that pH, flow rate, and orthophosphate (PO43--P) were the main environmental factors affecting the composition of benthic diatom communities, and a significant difference was found between up- and down-stream areas during the non-storage period. In comparison, water temperature, turbidity, permanganate index, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were the main environmental factors influencing the patterns of benthic diatoms communities, for which an insignificant difference was observed between up- and down-stream areas during the storage period. These results suggest that water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir has an important impact on the composition of benthic diatom communities, and that this results in a change in community structure.