Abstract
BackgroundBoth benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) share similar epidemiologic features and are all associated with the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-mediated hormonal imbalance. The purpose of this study is to understand whether exercise (EX) could alleviate DM and DM + BPH.MethodsSprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: normal control, EX, BPH, BPH + EX, DM, DM + EX, BPH + DM, and BPH + DM + EX. T1DM was induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) in Week 2, and BPH was induced by successive ip injections of Sustanon® (testosterone, 3.5 mg/head) plus estradiol (0.1 mg/head) from Week 3 to Week 9. Treadmill exercise training (20 m/min, 60 min per time) was performed three times per week for 6 weeks.ResultsIn BPH + EX, EX maintained at a constant body weight (BW); and suppressed stromal layer thickening, collagen deposition, blood glucose (BG), levels of testosterone (Ts), 5α-reductase(5αRd), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androgen receptor (AR), serum hydrogen peroxide, TBARs, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). EX recovered testes size and substantially increased nitric oxide (NO) levels. In DM + EX group, EX decreased BW, PW, nuclear proliferation, inflammatory cell aggregation, collagen deposition, and BG. As contrast, EX upregulated insulin, IGF, Ts, NO, 5αRd, AR, and DHT, and substantially reduced PSA. In BPH + DM + EX, EX maintained BW at a subnormal level, slightly suppressed prostate stromal inflammation, collagen deposition, and BG, moderately restored sIn and IGF. Although failed to suppress Ts, EX highly upregulated 5αRd and suppressed DHT and AR, together with highly upregulated NO resulting in substantially reduced PSA.ConclusionEX, by remodeling androgen and NO expressions, can effectively alleviate BPH, DM, and BPH + DM.
Highlights
Both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) share similar epidemiologic features and are all associated with the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-mediated hormonal imbalance
Epidemiological data have indicated that BPH may be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) [1] which can substantially increase the risk of BPH and low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) [2]
Body weight variation was affected by the treatments After BPH induction, the body weight of the normal control and EX control groups steadily increased from Week 3 until Week 17, reaching 552.5 ± 68.6 g and 557.8 ± 53.4 g, respectively
Summary
Both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) share similar epidemiologic features and are all associated with the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-mediated hormonal imbalance. Epidemiological data have indicated that BPH may be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) [1] which can substantially increase the risk of BPH and low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) [2]. When complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM), the mechanisms that regulate reactive stroma biology in BPH can be altered anatomically, pathologically, and biochemically [3]. The levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in prostate tissue and blood are associated with the risk of developing BPH, Chen et al BMC Urology (2015) 15:113 which regulate the circulating androgen and growth hormones [2]
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