Benefits of Strength and Skill-Based Training During Primary School Physical Education

Abstract

Physical education (PE) programs are evolving from a traditional skill-centered model to a health-centered model that focuses on time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, improvements in muscular fitness and fundamental movement skills have been found to be prerequisites for continuous participation in MVPA. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of age-related strength and skill-based training on measures of physical fitness in children during primary school PE. METHODS: Children from two fourth grade PE classes were cluster randomized into either a fundamental integrative training (FIT) group (n=20; age 9.5± 0.3 yr) or a control (CON) group (n=21; age 9.6± 0.3 yr). The FIT program was performed twice per week for 8 weeks during the first 15 min of each PE class and consisted of a circuit of strength and skill-based exercises using body weight, medicine balls, fitness ropes and other equipment. Participants in CON did not perform FIT but attended regular PE class twice per week during the study period. All participants were assessed for health- and skill-related fitness components before and after the intervention. The outcome variables were analyzed via 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA for interactions and main effects for time (pre- vs. post-test) and group (FIT vs. CON) on the dependent fitness variables. RESULTS: After FIT, there was a significant (p≤0.05) improvement (within-groups) in the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER), push-up score, single leg hop distance, and sit and reach flexibility test with no improvements in sit-up and long jump performance. CON only made significant improvements in the sit-up and flexibility tests after 8 weeks of regular PE. Compared to the CON group after the training period, the FIT group made significant improvements in the PACER test, long jump distance, single leg hop distance, and push-up score. No injuries were reported and there was 99% voluntary participation in FIT during the study period. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the potential benefits of integrating strength and skill-based training into primary school PE as evidenced by improvements in measures of aerobic capacity and muscular fitness in children.