Abstract
Although nanomaterials are used in many fields, little is known about the fundamental interactions between nanomaterials and microorganisms. To test antimicrobial properties and retention ability, 13 electrospun polyamide (PA) nanomaterials with different morphology and functionalization with various concentrations of AgNO3 and chlorhexidine (CHX) were analyzed. Staphylococcus aureus CCM 4516 was used to verify the designed nanomaterials’ inhibition and permeability assays. All functionalized PAs suppressed bacterial growth, and the most effective antimicrobial nanomaterial was evaluated to be PA 12% with 4.0 wt% CHX (inhibition zones: 2.9 ± 0.2 mm; log10 suppression: 8.9 ± 0.0; inhibitory rate: 100.0%). Furthermore, the long-term stability of all functionalized PAs was tested. These nanomaterials can be stored at least nine months after their preparation without losing their antibacterial effect. A filtration apparatus was constructed for testing the retention of PAs. All of the PAs effectively retained the filtered bacteria with log10 removal of 3.3–6.8 and a retention rate of 96.7–100.0%. Surface density significantly influenced the retention efficiency of PAs (p ≤ 0.01), while the effect of fiber diameter was not confirmed (p ≥ 0.05). Due to their stability, retention, and antimicrobial properties, they can serve as a model for medical or filtration applications.
Highlights
IntroductionSkin, being the largest organ of the human body, is exposed to various influences
Skin, being the largest organ of the human body, is exposed to various influences.From ancient times, skin injuries are among the most common types of health issues, resulting in the need for reliable treatment
The results showed PAs to have great potential for high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) and ultra-low penetration air (ULPA) filters to capture particles 100 nm or less in diameter [52]
Summary
Skin, being the largest organ of the human body, is exposed to various influences. Skin injuries are among the most common types of health issues, resulting in the need for reliable treatment. The evolution of wound treatment led from materials that only stopped the bleeding to the development of functionalized materials with an antibacterial effect to prevent infections [1]. A wide range of pathogenic microorganisms can cause infections [2]. The microbiota present in the wound change during the infection process. Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes predominate, while
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