Abstract
The proliferation of power-to-gas technology can propound a tailored platform to physically integrate power systems and natural gas grids. These integrated energy systems with different spatial-temporal properties not only could provide significant flexibilities to properly mitigate existing and imminent challenges, but also could increase the robustness of power systems in facing unpredicted conditions. Keeping this in mind, this article outlines a novel conservative two-stage model to improve the resilience of distribution systems against extreme hurricanes. To this end, at the first stage, a pre-disaster scheduling is executed to increase preparedness and robustness of the power system before approaching the tornado. The preparedness index is defined as the sum of energy stored in the electric vehicles and natural gas storages that should be maximized. Subsequently, at the second stage after the recognition of the tornado, some proactive post-disaster actions such as grid partitioning, network reconfiguration, demand-side management, and distributed series reactors are applied to minimize the degradation and vulnerability of the power system. An integrated gas and electricity power flow is proposed in a linear computationally efficient fashion capable of modeling the worst-case scenario. The effectiveness of the model is examined on a distribution grid with multiple energy hubs.
Highlights
W ITH the exponential increase in the penetration of renewable energies in modern power systems, the structure and inherent characteristics of the energy systems have changed dramatically [1]
At pre-disaster stage, the proposed algorithm tries to maximize the level of energy stored within the storages in order to increase the preparedness of the system when the extreme tornado comes to the picture
In spite of the fact that the power systems are reliable in the face of credible contingencies, they are still not resilient to severe events with multiple spatial-temporal effects, such as natural hazards
Summary
W ITH the exponential increase in the penetration of renewable energies in modern power systems, the structure and inherent characteristics of the energy systems have changed dramatically [1]. Increasing the share of renewable energies in the electricity generation portfolio has led to increasing the ramp scarcity, uncertainty, and variability, and has reduced the rotational inertia of the power systems [2]. Given the undeniable role of electrical energy in the development and progress of human societies, in recent years, there has been a great deal of attention around the world in improving the resilience of power systems. The dramatic increase in demand for electricity and efforts to achieve a low-cost and sustainable energy system have highlighted the importance of resilient power systems. Many researchers have tried to improve the resilience of power systems in confronting severe disasters by using different methods and instruments. The previous references have suggested three different approaches to deal with extremely rare and high-impact events
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