Beneficios dietéticos asociados a la ingesta habitual de dosis moderadas de fitoesteroles presentes de forma natural en los alimentos

Abstract

BackgroundRecently it has been shown that the regular intake of moderate amounts of naturally-occurring phytosterols affects whole-body cholesterol metabolism giving rise to lower serum levels. The aim of the study was to describe the dietary pattern of a population from the region of Aragon (Spain) with a moderate consumption of phytosterols, to identify the major food groups involved, and to investigate the relationship between phytosterol intake and several dietary factors related to cardiovascular health. MethodsA total of 85 healthy volunteers were studied as regards their dietary habits (using a validated food frequency questionnaire). Subjects were classified into tertiles of phytosterol intake and differences regarding foods, nutrients and other dietary components affecting cardiovascular health consumption as well as the adherence degree to the Mediterranean diet pattern were assessed. ResultsA higher phytosterols intake was associated with a higher consumption of fresh fruits and nuts, vegetables and vegetable oils, and lower in meat and pre-cooked meals. Furthermore, it was associated with higher level of unsaturated fat, total fibre intake, antioxidant capacity of the diet and phytosterols/cholesterol ratio, as well as a lower of cholesterol intake and cholesterol-saturated fat index. Finally, phytosterols intake correlated positively with the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. ConclusionThe regular intake of moderate amounts of naturally-occurring phytosterols, besides having cholesterol lowering benefits per se, is associated with other dietetic factors related to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The recommendation of increasing the regular intake of phytosterols source foods is completely justified.