Abstract
Biological scaffolds have become an attractive approach for repairing the infarcted myocardium and have been shown to facilitate constructive remodeling in injured tissues. This study aimed to investigate the possible utilization of bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane patches containing cocultured cells to limit myocardial postinfarction pathology. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in 45 Wistar rats, and patches with or without cells were attached to the hearts. After one week, the animals underwent echocardiography to assess for ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. Following patch formation, the cocultured cells retained viability of >90% over 14 days in culture. The patch was applied to the myocardial surface of the infarcted area after staying 14 days in culture. Interestingly, the BC membrane without cellular treatment showed higher preservation of cardiac dimensions; however, we did not observe improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction of this group compared to coculture-treated membranes. Our results demonstrated an important role for BC in supporting cells known to produce cardioprotective soluble factors and may thus provide effective future therapeutic outcomes for patients suffering from ischemic heart disease.
Highlights
Myocardial infarction and heart failure are major causes of death in developed countries [1]
Nanofibers’ physical and chemical properties can be tunable under appropriate conditions to facilitate cell growth and subsequent tissue development, thereby imparting gradient features into a nanofiber system, providing an exciting area of research [25,28]
The present results show that using a cellulose patch without cells can protect the myocardium against deleterious effects and pathological remodeling of the ischemic heart
Summary
Myocardial infarction and heart failure are major causes of death in developed countries [1]. The ideal scaffold should meet specific criteria, being biocompatible, matching surrounding tissues, providing chemical stability or degradability, affording mechanical strength, and allowing cell adhesion and proliferation. The extracellular matrix composition, cell density, and physiological properties are often nonhomogeneous. A great challenge of tissue engineering is the distribution of cells throughout tissue engineering scaffolds. These biomimetic materials should resemble the natural tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) to provide the targeted area [6]. Mimicking natural conditions in both the tissue and ECM requires proper adhesion and growth properties that maintain normal tissue structure [7]. Biopolymers involving cellulose were tried previously for developing scaffolds and revealed successful outcomes [8,9,10,11,12]
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