Abstract
Creatine supplementation of the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with an exercise program is known to be a possible therapy adjuvant with hypoglycemic effects. However, excessive administration of creatine leads to the production of methylamine which is deaminated by the enzyme semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and as a result, cytotoxic compounds are produced. SSAO activity and reaction products are increased in the serum of T2DM patients. Creatine supplementation by diabetics will further augment the activity of SSAO. The current review aims to find a feasible way to ameliorate T2DM for patients who exercise and desire to consume creatine. Several natural agents present in food which are involved in the regulation of SSAO activity directly or indirectly are reviewed. Particularly, zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), histamine/histidine, caffeine, iron (Fe), and vitamin D are discussed. Inhibiting SSAO activity by natural agents might reduce the potential adverse effects of creatine metabolism in population of T2DM.
Highlights
Creatine - 5 g 4 times a day Caffeine - 300 mg 4 times a day. These findings suggest that neither creatine alone, nor in combination with caffeine or coffee, significantly affected performance compared to placebo
Evincing all the above information, the current article provides a strong basis for studies focusing on the effects of the agents capable to ameliorate sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)-induced cytotoxicity with respect to creatine in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Creatine supplementation is related to the modulation of glucose uptake in diabetes, as well as elevation of methylamine deamination products due to increased SSAO activity
Summary
25] which, as a substrate of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), is oxidatively deaminated kidney function in cytotoxic healthy formaldehyde individuals [30]. Supplementation does showed that creatine supplementation combined with exercise alleviated glycemic impair kidney function in healthy individuals [30] and even in animals with pre-existing renal conditions in T2DM [13]. SSAOhydrogen activity in the blood plasma of diabetic patients is unfavorable health consequences might arise. SSAO inhibition may have beneficial impact on creatine in diabetic patients. SSAO supplementation inhibition may have a beneficial impact There on creatine supplementation in diabetic patients.
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