Abstract
The beneficial immunomodulation effects of a biological response modifier glucan (BRMG) produced by two strains of Aureobasidium pullulans, AFO-202 and N-163, have already been reported. Herein, we compared their efficacy on immune-inflammatory parameters in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. This study was performed on four groups of healthy SD rats, n=6 in each group: Group 1, euthanised on Day 0 for baseline values; Group 2, control (drinking water); Group 3, AFO-202 beta glucan, 200 mg/kg/day; and Group 4, N-163 beta glucan, 300 mg/kg/day. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) decreased and leukocyte-to C-reactive protein ratio (LeCR) increased in Group 3 (AFO-202) at 15 and 29 days whereas the lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) increased in group 4 (N-163), within the normal physiological range. These promising results warrant further investigations in larger numbers of healthy and diseased models to develop appropriate strategies for balancing immune system dysregulation.
Highlights
A balanced, robust immune system is essential for fighting infections
There were no significant differences between the groups in the other parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), IgA, IL-6, IFN-γ and sFAS
AFO-202 beta glucan helps marginally decrease neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and increase LCR and leukocyte-to-C-reactive-protein ratio (LeCR) in healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats within 15 days. This might be beneficial to tackling infections such as COVID-19 that involve immune system dysregulation
Summary
With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, immunity and inflammation play critical roles in the progression of the disease, and they influence the efficacy of management strategies [1, 2]. Among the various biomarkers reflecting the underlying immune and inflammatory status, LCR, NLR and LeCR have been reported by other studies and can be considered to be highly useful predictors of the impending clinical deterioration and mortality in COVID19 [5, 6]. Therapies aimed at controlling the inflammatory and dysfunctional immune response in COVID-19 mainly involve steroids [7], which have potential side effects. A balanced immune response is essential to mounting anti-viral defences, and biomarkers such as the white blood cell (WBC) count, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the lymphocyte-to-C-reactive-protein (LCR) ratio have been reported as potential predictors of immune status. We compared their efficacy on immune-inflammatory parameters in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats
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