Abstract
Today, an ethnobotanical approach makes sense for identifying new active bioactive chemicals from uses of indigenous plants. Two water-soluble enriched polysaccharide fractions (L-PSPN and S-PSPN) were extracted by hot water extraction from the leaves and seeds of Plantago ciliata Desf. (1798), a Mzab indigenous herb currently used in Algeria by traditional healers. Primary investigation was performed for describing the main structural features of these polysaccharides (pectin- and heteroxylan-like compositions) by using colorimetric assays, FTIR spectroscopy, HPAEC/PAD and GC/MS-EI analyses. Some biological activities were also monitored, such as anticomplement, anti-inflammatory (phagocytic ability, NOX2 and MPO inhibitions) and anti-diabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions). L-PSPC seems able to moderately modulate innate immune system (IC50 around 100 µg/mL) and contribute to wound-healing processes (IC50 close to 217 vs. 443 µg/mL for sodium heparin). S-PSPC shows some potential as an anti-hyperglycemic (IC50 around 4.7 mg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 ranging from 111 to 203 µg/mL) agent, as well as other (fiber) psyllium-like polysaccharides extracted from Plantago species.
Highlights
Herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest as alternative anti-inflammatory remedies due to their large therapeutic properties, low toxicity and costs [1]
Mass yields of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from various parts of Plantago species are ranged from 1 to 20%, as reported for Plantago major [6], Plantago asiatica [28] or Plantago notata [29]
Extraction yields are strongly influenced by the methodology, physicochemical parameters, solvents, type and concentration of polysaccharides [30]
Summary
Herbal medicines have attracted considerable interest as alternative anti-inflammatory remedies due to their large therapeutic properties, low toxicity and costs [1]. A rhamnoarabinogalactan extracted from aerial parts of Plantago lanceolata was able to inhibit the peroxidation of soybean lecithin liposomes with OH (hydroxyl) radicals. This polysaccharide showed a high antioxidant activity of 19.1% at 0.23 mM, which represented 45.3% of the activity of α-tocopherol standard [10]. Plantago ciliata, belonging to Plantaginaceae, is a traditional Algerian herbal plant abundantly distributed in the northeast region of Sahara. It has been reported for having many supposed ethnopharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anticough, and anti-diabetic activities [11]. Some biological activities were monitored (anticomplement, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic) regarding the structures of polysaccharides (structure/function relationship) and current literature
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