Abstract
Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are conditions directly related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS), whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new weight-loss dietary pattern on improving the oxidative stress status on patients suffering MetS with hyperglycemia. Seventy-nine volunteers were randomly assigned to two low-calorie diets (−30% Energy): the control diet based on the American Health Association criteria and the RESMENA diet based on a different macronutrient distribution (30% proteins, 30% lipids, 40% carbohydrates), which was characterized by an increase of the meal frequency (seven-times/day), low glycemic load, high antioxidant capacity (TAC) and high n-3 fatty acids content. Dietary records, anthropometrical measurements, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed before and after the six-month-long study. The RESMENA (Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra) diet specifically reduced the android fat mass and demonstrated more effectiveness on improving general oxidative stress through a greater decrease of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) values and protection against arylesterase depletion. Interestingly, oxLDL values were associated with dietary TAC and fruit consumption and with changes on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass and triacilglyceride (TG) levels. In conclusion, the antioxidant properties of the RESMENA diet provide further benefits to those attributable to weight loss on patients suffering Mets with hyperglycemia.
Highlights
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), established as the combination of central obesity and different metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia, is increasing worldwide [1,2]
Since it has been demonstrated that central obesity is associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [10,11], oxidative stress [12] and MetS
Group showed a significantly decrease in their heart rate (p < 0.001). Both strategies were effective on improving general anthropometric and body composition measurements, the RESMENA diet showed additional benefits that should be taken into account in future nutritional intervention research
Summary
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), established as the combination of central obesity and different metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia, is increasing worldwide [1,2]. Among the different metabolic abnormalities encompassing MetS, insulin resistance has been considered a common manifestation of the MetS, which leads to tissue damage and health features, involving cardiovascular diseases (CVD), atherosclerosis and hypertension [3,4,5]. Since it has been demonstrated that central obesity is associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, CVD [10,11], oxidative stress [12] and MetS manifestations in general [11], android fat mass reduction should be a main target in order to improve
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