Abstract
Strenuous exercise (any activity that expends six metabolic equivalents per minute or more causing sensations of fatigue and exhaustion to occur, inducing deleterious effects, affecting negatively different cells), induces muscle damage and hematological changes associated with high production of pro-inflammatory mediators related to muscle damage and sports anemia. The objective of this study was to determine whether short-term oral ubiquinol supplementation can prevent accumulation of inflammatory mediators and hematological impairment associated to strenuous exercise. For this purpose, 100 healthy and well-trained firemen were classified in two groups: Ubiquinol (experimental group), and placebo group (control). The protocol was two identical strenuous exercise tests with rest period between tests of 24 h. Blood samples were collected before supplementation (basal value) (T1), after supplementation (T2), after first physical exercise test (T3), after 24 h of rest (T4), and after second physical exercise test (T5). Hematological parameters, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors were measured. Red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, VEGF, NO, EGF, IL-1ra, and IL-10 increased in the ubiquinol group while IL-1, IL-8, and MCP-1 decreased. Ubiquinol supplementation during high intensity exercise could modulate inflammatory signaling, expression of pro-inflammatory, and increasing some anti-inflammatory cytokines. During exercise, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, VEGF, and EGF increased in ubiquinol group, revealing a possible pro-angiogenic effect, improving oxygen supply and exerting a possible protective effect on other physiological alterations.
Highlights
There are multiple beneficial effects associated with regular and planned exercise [1,2], including the reduction in the age-related changes in nuclear pore complex proteins, protection of the neuromuscular junction, and the increase in the lives of susceptible motoneurons, preserving neuromuscular integrity and innervation status [3,4]
We have reported that ubiquinol supplementation increased plasma coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels 522% (1.00 ± 0.06 vs. 5.22 ± 0.41 mmol/L)
The present study demonstrates a strong correlation between the high intensity exercise and inflammatory signaling as shown by the overexpression in the pro-inflammatory cytokines
Summary
There are multiple beneficial effects associated with regular and planned exercise [1,2], including the reduction in the age-related changes in nuclear pore complex proteins, protection of the neuromuscular junction, and the increase in the lives of susceptible motoneurons, preserving neuromuscular integrity and innervation status [3,4]. The aerobic energy metabolism during strenuous exercise (established when sensations of fatigue and exhaustion occur, inducing deleterious effects, affecting negatively different cells) plays a crucial role on the performance Hematological changes such as decreases in the hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and RBC counts are often found to result from participation in strenuous exercise [11]. In athletes performing high intensity exercise, a high prevalence of “sports anemia” or iron deficiency anemia induced by strenuous exercise has been reported [12,13], which has been associated with hematological changes such as a decrease in RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit [14,15] These changes are suggested to be mainly caused by iron deficiency and a negative iron balance caused by intense physical exercise [16]
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